高端服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展與技能溢價:基于非認(rèn)知能力的微觀機理解析與實證檢驗

摘要： 將高端服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展、非認(rèn)知能力與技能溢價納入統(tǒng)一理論框架進行分析,并基于非認(rèn)知能力視角將高端服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展對技能溢價的影響機制分為工資效應(yīng)與技能配置結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)。采用2010—2016年中國家庭追蹤調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)(CFPS)與省級層面匹配數(shù)據(jù)的實證分析結(jié)果表明,高端服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展可通過提升技能勞動的非認(rèn)知能力回報影響技能溢價,并且經(jīng)過控制選擇性偏差、內(nèi)生性問題及穩(wěn)健性檢驗之后,結(jié)論依然成立;進一步結(jié)合美國職業(yè)信息網(wǎng)O*NET數(shù)據(jù),通過自選擇效應(yīng)檢驗高端服務(wù)業(yè)影響技能溢價的技能配置結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng),結(jié)果表明,非認(rèn)知能力較高的技能勞動者會自選擇進入非認(rèn)知能力密集度較高的職業(yè)組,以發(fā)揮比較優(yōu)勢獲得更高的技能溢價。
The development of high-level service industries will reshape the labor demand structure and income distribution.In this paper we put high-level service industries development,noncognitive skills and skill premium into a unified theoretical framework,and propose a micro-mechanism interpretation from job tasks perspective for the increasing skill premium.The empirical results based on the matching data of CFPS 2010—2016 and provincial-level show that the difference in non-cognitive skills returns is an important factor for the increasing skill premium.The development of high-level service industries can affect the skill premium through affecting the non-cognitive skills return differently,and the above conclusions are still robust after eliminating the problem of selection bias and?endogenous problems and conducting various types of robustness tests.Furthermore,we test the self-selection effect of occupational mobility with the O*NET data of the US Occupational Information Network.The results show that skilled workers with higher non-cognitive skills will choose to enter into a more non-cognitive intensive occupational group to gain a higher skill premium with their comparative advantages.This paper provides a new perspective for skill premium,and also provides more targeted empirical evidence for building a human capital accumulation system that is compatible with skill needs.