專業(yè)場(chǎng)域制度變革的辯證模型——基于專業(yè)知識(shí)與管轄權(quán)間矛盾的視角

摘要： 專業(yè)的關(guān)鍵特征是擁有能夠解決專業(yè)實(shí)踐問(wèn)題的抽象知識(shí)體系,本研究闡述了專業(yè)、專業(yè)知識(shí)、管轄權(quán)與組織場(chǎng)域變革之間辯證發(fā)展的關(guān)系。通過(guò)對(duì)專業(yè)人士推動(dòng)制度變革的文獻(xiàn)回顧,從場(chǎng)域?qū)用娣治鰧I(yè)行為主體重構(gòu)制度和組織場(chǎng)域的機(jī)制。主要有:(1)專業(yè)主體發(fā)展新的專業(yè)知識(shí),定義一個(gè)新的、開(kāi)放的、無(wú)爭(zhēng)議的管轄空間。(2)專業(yè)主體利用專業(yè)知識(shí)擴(kuò)張專業(yè)管轄權(quán)、專業(yè)實(shí)踐,以此重新界定組織場(chǎng)域的邊界。融合專業(yè)知識(shí)、專業(yè)工作和制度理論,闡釋知識(shí)與管轄權(quán)之間的矛盾是制度變革的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。
The defining characteristic of a profession is its possession of an expertise system in dealing with practical professional problems. In this research,we explicate the dialectical development of the relations between a profession and its professional knowledge,jurisdiction and organizational field changes. With a review of the literature of the role played by professionals in institutional changes,we discuss the mechanisms,with which professionals reconstruct their institution and organizational field on the field level:(1) to develop new professional knowledge with definite jurisdiction,new,open,and unchallenged; and (2) to use this expertise to expand the jurisdiction and scope of practice in order to define the boundary of the field and to get expertise,professional practice and institutional theory integrated. The motivating force for institutional changes is to be found in the tension between professional expertise and jurisdiction of its profession.