管理學(xué)質(zhì)性研究的回顧、反思與展望

摘要： 近年來(lái)質(zhì)性研究方法在國(guó)內(nèi)得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,成為構(gòu)建管理學(xué)理論、連接理論與實(shí)踐的重要工具。本文簡(jiǎn)要回顧40年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)管理學(xué)質(zhì)性研究,并將這個(gè)演化過(guò)程劃分為混沌、萌芽和走向規(guī)范化三個(gè)階段。本文強(qiáng)調(diào)了質(zhì)性研究的重要意義,包括促進(jìn)管理學(xué)研究的實(shí)踐相關(guān)性,構(gòu)建中國(guó)特色管理理論,以及展示有趣現(xiàn)象的演化過(guò)程。同時(shí)對(duì)質(zhì)性研究中的現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了批判性反思,指出三個(gè)存在嚴(yán)重不足的方面,包括研究設(shè)計(jì)缺陷,理論抽樣不當(dāng)和現(xiàn)象挖掘不深,以及情境化不足。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,本文提出三個(gè)針對(duì)性建議,即發(fā)揚(yáng)學(xué)術(shù)工匠精神,加強(qiáng)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)話以便做出具體明確的理論貢獻(xiàn),以及向國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)期刊的范文學(xué)習(xí)。
Qualitative research methods have been widely adopted in China in recent years, and have become an important tool for building management theories and connecting theories with practices. This article first reviews the evolution of qualitative management research in China over the past four decades, and divides it into three phases, namely chaos, formation, and normalization stages. Then, it highlights the importance of qualitative research, such as improving the relevancy of management research, developing indigenous management theories with Chinese characteristics, and revealing the evolution process of interesting phenomena. Three weaknesses in the existing research are identified: 1) problematic research design involving disconnects among the literature review, data, and conclusion, and misfit between the research question and method, 2) inappropriate theoretical sampling and superficial study of phenomena, which arise from researchers' lack of understanding of the nature of qualitative research, and 3) under-contextualization of research. Lastly, we offer three suggestions to improve future research and further development of qualitative management research in China, namely the pursuit of academic craftsmanship, more precise and closer engagement with the extant literature, and learning by doing and learning by following exemplary work published in top-tier journals.