服務(wù)業(yè)技術(shù)效率與財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼

摘要： 本文根據(jù)2004—2016年中國13個(gè)服務(wù)業(yè)行業(yè)的面板數(shù)據(jù),構(gòu)建固定效應(yīng)隨機(jī)前沿模型測(cè)度服務(wù)業(yè)的技術(shù)效率,實(shí)證分析財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼對(duì)服務(wù)業(yè)技術(shù)效率的影響,并采用反事實(shí)計(jì)量測(cè)度財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼增長對(duì)技術(shù)效率提升和產(chǎn)出增長的實(shí)際貢獻(xiàn)。研究結(jié)果表明:財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼對(duì)服務(wù)業(yè)技術(shù)效率具有促進(jìn)作用,并且對(duì)大規(guī)模企業(yè)的效果更為顯著,從而拉大服務(wù)業(yè)企業(yè)之間的效率差距;生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)的技術(shù)前沿面和生產(chǎn)率更高,雖然技術(shù)效率會(huì)造成各行業(yè)之間的生產(chǎn)率差異,但行業(yè)市場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)更具有決定性的因素,效率的改善不足以扭轉(zhuǎn)服務(wù)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率之間的差距;從時(shí)間維度來看,財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼增長帶來的效率與產(chǎn)出提升程度越來越高。
Based on the panel data of 13 service industries in China from 2004 to 2016,this paper constructs a fixed-effect stochastic frontier model to measure the technical efficiency of the service industry, empirically analyzes the impact of fiscal subsidies on the technical efficiency of the service industry, and use counterfactual measurements to measure the actual contribution of fiscal subsidy growth to technological efficiency and output growth. Research indicates : fiscal subsidies can promote the technical efficiency of service industry,and the effect on large-scale enterprises is more significant,thus widening the efficiency gap between service enterprises; the technological frontier and productivity of the producer service industry are higher, although the technical efficiency will cause productivity differences between industries, the market opportunity of the industry is more decisive,and the improvement of efficiency is not enough to reverse the gap between service industry productivity;from the perspective of time, the efficiency and output improvement brought by the growth of fiscal subsidies is getting higher and higher.