中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚的形成機(jī)制研究——基于經(jīng)濟(jì)地理和制度視角

摘要： 厘清服務(wù)業(yè)集聚的形成機(jī)制,是推動(dòng)中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展的重要前提。本文從經(jīng)濟(jì)地理因素、制度因素兩個(gè)維度提出理論框架,系統(tǒng)地解釋中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚現(xiàn)象。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用2007年省級(jí)投入產(chǎn)出表、2008年全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)普查資料以及2010年全國(guó)人口普查分縣資料,構(gòu)造"省域—行業(yè)"截面數(shù)據(jù)集,實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚的形成機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明:(1)四類經(jīng)濟(jì)地理因素的作用存在差異,專業(yè)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、知識(shí)溢出能顯著促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚,而中間投入、市場(chǎng)規(guī)模的影響不顯著;(2)兩大制度因素中,地方保護(hù)主義阻礙了服務(wù)業(yè)集聚,對(duì)外開放對(duì)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚則無顯著影響。以上結(jié)論,在多項(xiàng)穩(wěn)健性檢驗(yàn)后仍然成立。本文的政策含義是,提升服務(wù)業(yè)的專業(yè)化程度、強(qiáng)化服務(wù)業(yè)的知識(shí)溢出、消除地方保護(hù)主義,是推動(dòng)中國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展的有效舉措。
Clarifying the formation mechanism of service industry agglomeration is an important prerequisite to promote the agglomeration of China's service industry. From the two dimensions of economic geographicfactors and institutional factors, we put forward a theoretical framework to systematically explain the phenomenon of China's service industry agglomeration. On this basis, using the input-output table of all provinces in 2007, the economic census data of provinces in 2008 and the county-level data of the national census in 2010, the sectional data set of provincial-industry is constructed to verify the formation mechanism of the agglomeration of China's service industry. The results show that:(1) There are differences in the role of the four kinds of economic-geographical factors. The professional labor market and knowledge spillover can significantly promote the service industry agglomeration, while the influence of the middle investment and the market size is not significant.(2) In the two institutional factors, local protectionism hinders the agglomeration of service industry, and globalization has no significant impact on service industry agglomeration. The above conclusions are still valid after a number of robustness tests. The policy implication of this article is that the promotion of the specialization of the service industry, the enhancing of knowledge spillovers in the service industry and the elimination of local protectionism are the effective measures to promote service industry agglomeration in China.