超視距管理下的“男性責(zé)任”勞動(dòng)——基于O2O技術(shù)影響的外賣行業(yè)用工模式研究

摘要： 在文獻(xiàn)梳理和田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,本文沿用"資本-勞動(dòng)者-消費(fèi)者"三方關(guān)系的勞動(dòng)過程分析理論,將其引入到對O2O平臺經(jīng)濟(jì)下的新型勞動(dòng)形態(tài),也即互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用下的外賣行業(yè)用工模式的研究,探討該勞動(dòng)過程中資方支配和勞方抗?fàn)幍男滦螒B(tài)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)外賣行業(yè)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)影響下,不斷形成弱契約性的非正式勞動(dòng)關(guān)系;(2)在超視距管理為特征的多元主體強(qiáng)控制下,勞動(dòng)者形成"扁平化"的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系,進(jìn)行著非人性化的情感勞動(dòng)實(shí)踐;(3)這一情感勞動(dòng)實(shí)踐同時(shí)也再現(xiàn)了數(shù)字鴻溝的隱性壓迫特征,即勞動(dòng)者在享受互聯(lián)網(wǎng)紅利的同時(shí)也進(jìn)一步固化了自己在二級勞動(dòng)力市場中的底層位置;(4)最后,通過在勞動(dòng)過程討論中引入性別分析機(jī)制,本文呈現(xiàn)了外賣行業(yè)男性勞動(dòng)者社會結(jié)構(gòu)特征的特殊性,使得該行業(yè)成為凸顯"男性責(zé)任"主體意識的職業(yè)典型。
Based on the introduction of O2 O platform,the field investigation and the analysis theory of labor process covering the tripartite relationship of"capital-laborer-consumer"are adopted to analyze the employment model of the take-out industry influenced by Internet technology and explore the new forms of employer's control and labor struggle in the labor process with the existing literature review and in-depth interviews as a basis.There are findings in the research:under the influence of Internet technology,an informal contractual labor relation is forming in the take-out industry.Under the strong control of multiple subjects characterized by the management beyond visual range,a"flattening"social network is forming among laborers who is conducting non-humanity affective labors,which embodies the implicit features of the digital divide:while enjoying the Internet benefits,it also further solidifies the lower position of laborers in the secondary labor market.At the same time,the specificity of social structure characteristics of the male laborers in the take-out industry is presented through the introduction of gender analysis mechanism in discussion of the labor process,making the industry a typical example that highlights the subjective consciousness of"male's responsibility".